The Impact of Parenting Practices on Child Development: A Critical Assessment of Current Studies

Abstract

Parenting styles strongly affect many aspects of child development, including emotional, cognitive, and social outcomes. This review examines current studies to investigate the relationship between parenting variables and their impact on children's development. It explains key data on the effects of authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and negligent parenting on children's self-esteem, academic performance, and emotional regulation. The review uses neurodevelopmental and longitudinal methods. This work highlights the importance of culture, social status, and gender in shaping these effects. Still, there are gaps in understanding the long-term results of different parenting, especially across cultures and in marginalized groups. Future research should use big data, longitudinal designs, and technology to close these gaps. This study gives practical insights for parents, educators, and policymakers. It stresses the need for policies that support child development in a changing socioeconomic environment.