Exploring the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Academic Achievement

Abstract

Physical activity is widely recognized for its physical and mental health benefits, yet its impact on academic achievement remains an area of growing interest. This study explores the relationship between physical activity and academic performance among secondary school students in Pakistan, considering mediating factors such as cognitive function, self-esteem, stress, and sleep quality. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed, with data collected from 400 students using standardized instruments including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and self-reported academic grades. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analyses were conducted using SPSS. The findings indicate a significant positive relationship between physical activity and academic achievement. Students engaging in higher levels of physical activity demonstrated better cognitive function, higher self-esteem, lower stress levels, improved sleep quality, and, consequently, superior academic performance. Mediation analyses revealed that cognitive and psychological factors partially explain the link between physical activity and academic outcomes. The study concludes that promoting regular physical activity in school programs can enhance both mental and academic development. Recommendations include integrating structured physical activity into the curriculum, encouraging active breaks during classes, and raising awareness among parents, teachers, and policymakers about the importance of physical activity for academic success.

Keywords: Physical Activity, Academic Achievement, Cognitive Function, Mental Health, Self-Esteem, Secondary School Students, Pakistan