A Study of Architectural Elements of the Shrine of Khawaja Mohkam Din Sirani, Bahawalpur

Abstract

The study probes architectural elements of khanqah Khawaja Mohkam-ud-Din Sirani Darbar, Bahawalpur. The darbar was constructed in 1879 in the era of Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan-IV. It comprises decorative techniques like kashikari, sheeshakari, lacquer tarseem bandi and calligraphic inscriptions. The research particularly addresses panels presenting tree of life, Huma-e-Gul in Sirani Darbar. The study aims to analyze the iconography, stylistic features and symbolic meanings of the tree of life motif as depicted in the Sirani Darbar’s fresco decoration. Qualitative research methods are adopted for the research. The research is based on visual analysis, theoretical and photographic documentation to study the regional, Mughal and Persian influences.

The paper explores how the tree of life is integrated with floral patterns, color schemes, and compositional arrangements, reflecting local craftsmanship. The study argues that the “Tree of Life” frescoes at Khawaja Mohkam-ud-Din Sirani Darbar serve not only as ornamental elements but also as carriers of layered symbolic meanings, embodying ideas of paradise, divine order, and spiritual continuity. By documenting and interpreting these frescoes, this research contributes to the preservation of Bahawalpur’s architectural heritage and highlights the need of its conservation.