Exploring The Barriers To Female Higher Education In Buner District: A Case Study Of Rural Communities

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17667751

Abstract

This study investigates the barriers to female higher education in the rural communities of Buner District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Despite the recognized social and economic benefits of educating women, rural girls continue to face significant challenges in accessing higher education. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the research draws on in-depth interviews with female students, parents, teachers, and community leaders to explore socio-cultural, economic, institutional, and emotional factors limiting educational progression beyond secondary school. Findings indicate that patriarchal norms, early marriages, restricted mobility, financial constraints, inadequate infrastructure, and shortage of female staff and mentors substantially hinder girls’ educational opportunities. Those pursuing higher education often experience societal scrutiny and emotional stress, while families negotiate between tradition and aspirations. Nevertheless, narratives of resilience reveal how supportive parents and local role models can foster educational advancement. Participants suggest contextually relevant solutions, including girls-only colleges, safe transport, and community awareness initiatives. The study underscores the need for community-driven, culturally sensitive interventions and offers practical insights for policymakers, educators, and NGOs aiming to enhance female education in conservative rural settings.