From Joint to Nuclear Family: Sociological Dimensions of the Decline of Joint Families and Rise of Nuclear Families in Pakistan

Abstract

Traditional joint family systems have long been regarded as cornerstone of Pakistani society which ensure collective living, intergenerational support and strong kinship ties. However, a gradual transition from joint to nuclear families have been witnessed in recent decades influenced by socio-economic, cultural and urbanization trends. Present research investigates the sociological dimensions of this transformation by examining its underlying causes and consequences in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Employing a mixed-method approach, the data was collected through structured survey of households with in-depth interviews to capture personal experiences and perceptions of family restructuring. Findings of the study reflect that economic pressures, women’s increasing participation in education and employment, rural-to-urban migration and rising individualism are the key factors driving the shift toward nuclear families. This study also explores the implications of this transition including weakened kinship bonds, shifting gender roles, reduced intergenerational support and challenges in social care for children and the elderly. The research provides insights into how modernization, urbanization and globalization are redesigning family dynamics in Faisalabad and more broadly in Pakistan by situating these changes within a broader sociological framework.