GENDER DYNAMICS OF CLIMATE INDUCED MIGRATION: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN

Abstract

Climate change has become a significant driver of migration worldwide, particularly in vulnerable regions like Pakistan, where extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, displace large populations. However, the impacts of climate-induced migration are not experienced equally by all, with gender dynamics playing a critical role in shaping migration experiences. This study explores the gendered nature of climate-induced migration in Pakistan, focusing on the unique vulnerabilities, coping strategies, and adaptive responses of men and women in displaced communities. Using a qualitative approach, this research analyzes interviews and focus group discussions with migrants from the Sindh, Punjab, and Balochistan provinces to understand how gender roles, socioeconomic status, and legal inequalities exacerbate the challenges faced by women during and after migration. The findings reveal that women face increased vulnerability due to limited mobility, gender-based violence, and restricted access to resources. Despite these challenges, women demonstrate resilience through community-based support networks and leadership in adaptation strategies. The study emphasizes the need for gender-sensitive migration policies that ensure women’s empowerment, legal rights, and participation in decision-making processes to promote sustainable and equitable climate adaptation.