Psychological Impacts Of Climate Change On Vulnerable Populations: Exploring The Effects In The Desert Regions Of Sindh, Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Climate change poses a significant global health risk, affecting ecosystems, economies, and human well-being. In Pakistan, one of the countries most vulnerable to climate hazards, desert regions like Sindh are particularly impacted by frequent extreme weather events, with dire mental health consequences for local populations.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the psychological impacts of climate change on vulnerable populations, focusing on anxiety, depression, and stress.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from 280 participants, including low-income groups, agricultural workers, and women. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were utilized to assess anxiety, depression, and stress levels. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, controlling for socio-economic factors, using SPSS.

Results: The results revealed high levels of psychological distress among the participants. Specifically, 53% experienced moderate to severe anxiety, 60% suffered from moderate to severe depression, and 86% reported moderate to high stress. Exposure to climate-related stressors, including droughts and heatwaves, was strongly correlated with these mental health issues, with individuals from low-income backgrounds reporting significantly higher distress levels.

Conclusion: Climate change has a profound mental health impact on vulnerable populations in Sindh, requiring urgent mental health support and resilience-building interventions.