Perceived Gaps in Guidance and Counselling Services: A Study of Students and Teachers at the Higher Secondary Level in Pakistan

Abstract

This study explores the need, importance, and current state of guidance and counseling services in higher secondary schools in Pakistan. Adolescence is a sensitive and important phase of life, where students go through many academic, emotional, social, and career-related challenges. During this stage, proper guidance and counseling can play a key role in helping students understand themselves, make better decisions, and develop in a balanced way. However, despite its recognized importance worldwide, such support systems are still limited in many Pakistani schools. To understand this issue in depth, the study used a survey-methods approach. Data were collected from teachers and students through questionnaires. In total, 100 male teachers, 300 female teachers, 200 male students, and 400 female students participated in the study. The numerical data were analyzed using percentages and mean scores.The results showed that both teachers and students clearly understand the value of guidance and counseling services. However, most schools do not have proper counseling systems or trained professionals. Many students shared that they struggle with choosing subjects, planning careers, handling academic pressure, and dealing with personal issues. Teachers also expressed the need for proper training so they can better support their students. In addition, students highlighted the importance of co-curricular activities, recreational opportunities, and well-equipped libraries as part of a supportive learning environment. Based on these findings, the study concludes that there is a strong need to introduce well-structured and professionally managed counseling services at the higher secondary level. It recommends setting up counseling centers in schools, hiring trained counselors, providing training for teachers, organizing career guidance programs, and improving collaboration between parents and teachers. Overall, the study emphasizes that by strengthening guidance and counseling services, schools can better support students’ academic success, emotional well-being, and future career readiness.