A Correlational Study of Technological Violence and Digital Risk Determinants among Working Female Users of Online Platforms

Abstract

This study was designed to measure the technological violence in the era of digital connectivity among teaching and non-teaching females in public and private sector universities of the Punjab province, Pakistan. It also intended to measure the correlation of social media usage and technological spaces variables. This study had been conducted by using quantitative study design and a sample of 333 teaching and non-teaching females staff of six universities (three public and three private) from the Punjab province was selected using proportionate random sampling technique. However, 321 females (264 teaching and 57 non-teaching) had participated in the study. A cross sectional survey was conducted and structured questionnaire was developed to collect the data. Pilot testing had been done from 30 randomly selected females from different public and private sector universities. The measurement tool had been validated with Alpha value of .943. The data collection, editing, screening, and computerization had been done to proceed for further analyses and to draw conclusions. The study results found that social media platforms and websites and applications had been positively correlated with technological violence among females working at higher educational institutions. Similarly, the study findings of the primary data had also outlined that social inclusion, emotional intelligence, cyberbullying, cyber harassment, hacking, digital cognitive interruption, digital space, digital fatigue, and data breach had been correlated to technological violence among females generally and working in universities specifically.