Explaining the Iran–Saudi Rivalry through the Lens of Realism

Abstract

This paper examines the Saudi-Iran rivalry through the lense of realism, emphasizing that realism provides the most accurate explanation of Middle East crises. The study aims to highlight the ongoing crises in the region, driven by competition for regional hegemony. Both  Saudi Arabia and Iran are in conflict for gaining the dominance in the middle east. They have formed alliances with other states, on the grounds of sectarian divide, leading to proxy wars throughout the Middle East. These crises is fueled by the international actors such as US and Isreal and the middle eastern states are making ties with historical and idealogical foe, Isreal to counter Iran. The paper also highlights literary works that reflect struggle for power and superiority. Moreover, literature review methodology is applied to the study applying the theory of realism to the conflict. The finding suggests that the Middle East crises is likely persist due to the ongoing competition between these rival states for regional supremacy. The paper concludes that the Shiite revolutionary movement will continue to pose a significant threat to the monarchies and kingships in the Middle East.

 Keywords: Middle East, Realism, Iran-Saudi Rivalry, Proxy wars, Syria, Yemen, Qatar, Abraham Accord, Palestine, Regional Hegemony, ISIS, Sunni-Shiite, Isreal.