Energy Security, Regional Power, and Pragmatic Diplomacy: Rethinking U.S.–Iran Relations

Abstract

This article discusses the role of Iran in the foreign policy of the United States and why it should be considered as a strategic ally even though there has been a long history of hostility and ideological differences between the two countries. It provides an overview of the historical development of U.S.-Iran relations, noting that confrontation, sanctions, and isolation have not had any sustainable results. The paper examines the geopolitical positioning of Iran, its dominance of major maritime routes, its immense reserves of energy, and its massive presence in the region, which shows that the U.S. interests regarding regional security, international energy security, counterterrorism, and non-proliferation of nuclear arms cannot be met without involving Iran. The specific focus is on nuclear diplomacy, in particular, the influence of negotiated agreements in proliferation prevention and the threat of conflict reduction. The article also evaluates the shortcomings of forced policies and provides a focus on diplomacy, dialogue, and selective cooperation as the means of U.S.-Iran relations management that may work better than coercive policies. Finally, the article concludes that the United States does not require Iran as a partner but as one who has to be considered in regional and international systems in order to guarantee stability and security in the Middle East in the long term.