An Analysis of Dropout Causes among Nursing Students in Peshawar, KPK and Other Areas of Pakistan

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to identify and analyze the various causes of dropout among nursing students in Pakistan.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in selected nursing schools and colleges of Peshawar. A total of 100 dropout nursing students from three major institutions “HMC, KTH, and LRH” were enrolled. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and subsequently analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).

Results: Findings revealed that students below the age of 20 years represented 33% of dropouts, whereas those above 20 years accounted for 17%. The dropout rate progressively increased from 40% in the first year to 100% in the fourth year. Regarding residency, 84% of dropouts were from rural areas, while only 16% were from urban centers; similarly, 84% were non-Peshawar residents. Among the prominent causes, high tuition fees (9%), low income (5%), financial crises (4%), and the death of a guardian (1%) were noted. Additional contributing factors included marriage (5%), distant location (6%), lack of social support (8%), burden of work (5%), and study load (3%). These results underscore the multifaceted challenges faced by nursing students in pursuing their education.

Conclusion: Financial instability stands out as a major determinant of student dropout, with high fees, low family income, and loss of guardianship being critical contributors. Addressing these issues through targeted interventions; such as financial aid programs, improved student support services, and academic counseling, could significantly reduce dropout rates. Strengthening retention of nursing students is essential for developing a sustainable nursing workforce and enhancing the effectiveness of Pakistan’s healthcare system.