The Role of Environmental Degradation and Resource Scarcity in Driving Terrorism and Conflict: A Panel study of South Asian countries.

Abstract

This study explores the impact of terrorism on environmental and socio-economic variables, specifically CO2 emissions, urbanization, resource scarcity, and capital. While the direct relationship between terrorism and environmental outcomes remains underexplored, this research aims to quantify how terrorist activities influence carbon emissions in south Asian countries from the period of 2005 to 2021. This study gathered panel data for South Asian selected countries namely, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, India and Sri lanka. Before going toward panel unit root tests to check unit root problem and order of integration of variables and applied the panel cointegration test to check the cointegration between variables and the result determined long run relationship between variables. Once the cointegration is confirmed the panel generalize method of moments is applied for result estimates in the long run. The evidence shows that terrorism has an inverse relation with Co2 emission that is statistically significant. Terrorism may causes to create insecurity and devastating recreational places. This study empirically establishe that terrorism is a serious threat to Co2 emission in the region.